The Bad Mood Keeps Rising an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

The Bad Mood Keeps Rising In the chapter The New Anticorporate Activism Naomi Klein discusses the emergence of new phenomenon a network of human-rights activists that has exposed many organizations to damage. Moreover, Klein traces the key differences and similarities between anticorporate campaigning and apartheid actions. The central point of the chapter is that one has to fight corporations and organizations whose sole purpose is to benefit from repressive government policies and to increase profits disregarding social and corporate responsibilities. Thus, the role of anticorporate activists is to reveal violations committed by multicultural corporations and organizations. Klein argues the role of anticorporate activists is crucial to contemporary business world as multicultural corporations dont consider, in many cases, their responsibilities and obligations to the public. (pp.325-326) Need essay sample on "The Bad Mood Keeps Rising" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The negative moment is that anticorporate activism takes many forms ranging from socially and environmentally responsible to radically terrorist. Moreover, the tasks of the groups are different as well. For example, the Yellow Pages is an international hacker group whose goal is to hack computer networks of huge corporations. (p.326) Klein stresses that it is economic globalization that has caused emergence of anticorporate activists and many corporations are forced to fight as well. Anticorporate activism goes far beyond labor and trade unions. Their members are both young and old representatives whose education ranges from elementary school to colleges and university. They come with large investments claiming that multicultural corporations and organizations are behaving illegally and, thus, sinfully. As anticorporate activists claim, multicultural corporations should stake their lives on their violations and being not committed to environment they are operating in. Anticorporate a ctivists are social marketers and political intelligentsia who are worrying about environment more than about increasing profits and sales. (p.327) Further, Klein discusses the Year of Sweatshop tracing the emergence of the anticorporate activists to 1995-1996. Andrew Ross has called that year the year of Sweatshop because every time Americans switched on their TVs they heard shameful news about labor exploiting, human rights violating and environment polluting. It means that world brands didnt consider human and environmental factor in pursuing increased sales and profits. Nike, Shell, McDonalds, Disney and many other corporations were in that row. However, the Year of Sweatshop appeared to result in the Year of Brand Attack. (p.332) The Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire appeared to be the turning point in anti-sweatshop movement in the country. Thousand of workers were striking waiting for government response and declaring their rights: working week is to be 54 hours; working day is to be ended not later than 9 p.m.; fire and health care regulations are to be introduced, etc. (p.333) Klein says that many of the anticorproate campaigns are of political origin whose attacks are targeted at global economic issues rather than at national ones. Global corporations are argued to re-organize the world they way they want it to look like. (p.340) Many citizens tried to fight conservative economic trends by voting for liberal and democratic governments, but soon they realized that economic policy remained unchanged. Even greater transparency in government has failed to be effective in restraining multicultural power. Today international stage is experiencing disillusionment with current political processes because attempts to regulate multicultural corporations through the United Nations have failed to be effective. (p.3410) Summing up, anticorporate activism is movement aimed at making multicultural corporations more socially and environmentally responsible. They develop political strategies to re-organize multinational brands and their efforts are more successful that th at of the governments. Moral Panic, the Media and British Rave Culture In the article Moral Panic, the Media and British Rave Culture Sarah Thornton discusses authentic culture as a means to struggle with mass-mediated corporate world. In particular, Thornton points the following themes: underground as subculture; the betrayals of broadcasting; importance of censors; marketing moral outrage; subterranean media; and development of subculture as result of mass-mediated corporate world. The author argues that authentic music is outside the media as it doesnt match its norms and standards. However, for many people authentic culture is self-expression and ability to present original thinking. Researchers often claim that underground or authentic music stresses the anti-media discourse and, thus, young people loose the ability to identify what to consider right and what to consider wrong. Nevertheless, the author argues that, despite recent claims and arguments, no opposition between the media and subculture is revealed. (pp.176-177) Underground is defined as the expression of subculture and underground style is authentic, it doesnt tend to be labeled as fashionable or mass-produced. Underground music promotes the original world that is off the elitism and mass-consumerism. Underground style is against the mass media, but it doesnt oppose it. Mainly, undergrounds are mixed as they disregard class, race and ethnicity. In particular, the discourse of undergrounds is anti-mass culture; undergrounds criticize media of being commercial, shallow and derivative. The long-standing form of underground subculture is happiness. For example, British youth acknowledges sub cultural hierarchy and they acknowledge their position within it. The underground culture is a relative system exposed to timing, position and context. (p.179) The British homes mainly prefer four channels and Top of the Pops is viewed as a gateway to mass culture and key point of selling out. Within underground context, selling is viewed the same as betraying. The undergrounds cant understand why to sell original songs beyond initial market. In such a way, artist looses sense of possession, familiar belonging and exclusive ownership. Art shouldnt be sold out. Many academics argue that the youth and the British media are in opposition, but in reality contemporary youth is not against television. They are simply against selling culture to someone else and they accuse national television of distributing illegally raw materials of youth subculture. (pp.180-181) Thornton assumes that moral panic operates within the purviews of tabloids, and even underground subculture has its own tabloid front pages. Media is often outrageous with the youth scene that authenticates their culture and disapproves credible sources. Subcultural press predicted that moral panic about hippies, punks, and acid house is inevitable. Cultural studies of moral panic tend to defined youth subculture as innocent victims of negative stigmatization. However, they are not what they are thought to be. (p.183) The undergrounds claim that mass media misunderstands their initial goal of cultural pursuits. Thus, moral panic is generated by the culture industries targeting the market. Nevertheless, Thompson writes that moral panic is a metaphor that aims at depicting complex society experiencing groundless fear about the future of the media ad culture. Moral panic inflates the threat posted by culture differences. (p.184) Rave and acid house styles are considered unique phenomena of the 20th century, but recent case studies reveal general points about the media and youth subculture. Media is involved in organization of underground subculture. Thornton concludes underground culture is not organic and autonomous. Mass media plays crucial role in formation of underground subculture; moreover, mass media actively participates in development of underground lifestyle. Development of subculture shows that contemporary youth is unambiguously active and creative instead of remaining passive and manipulated. Due to authentic culture the youth is allowed to represent their unique view on the world, it is an excellent way of self-expression and self-recognition. (pp.186-188) Images, Ideology, and Women of Color In the article Images, Ideology, and Women of Color Leith Mullings discusses the role and position of African-American women in contemporary American society. The author examines representations of African-American women and their emergence in the context of class and gender conflicts. The central conflict of the article is the duality of freedom and constrains that trace gender for Africa-American population. Despite democracy and equal rights movement, there is still a constraint on gender for women of color. Thus, their freedom is inadvertently measured. (p.237) There are many reasons that have led to negative perception of African-American women. The first reason is slavery and the second is representation of women as inappropriate women. Even in literature they were portrayed as mammies, castrators and sexually provocative. Therefore, women of color appeared to be at the centre of the strongly held ideologies concerning race and gender. (p.238) The most enduring representation of African-American women is attributed to slavery times. Their images drawn from literature and historical accounts didnt truly represent the reality. For example, in the Antebellum South women of color were represented as subordinate in their gender hierarchy as males were dominant in that region. Interestingly, an ideal woman was highly romanticized. The model woman was identified with her home being ideal wife and mother. She was assumed to be calm, passive, delicate, submissive, dependent and frail and pure. Historians have drawn two images that characterized African-American woman in America and Europe: Jezebel is a sexually aggressive and provocative woman governed by its libido, whereas Mammy is a religious and mother slave who devotes all her time to slave owners children. (p.239) The author stresses that defeminization of women of color was related to race ideologies that promoted the brutal conditions of slavery in American society. Thus, African-American women were treated as non-human and definitely inferior species, and slavery for them was the most appropriate condition. Surprisingly, medical science stresses African-American women had smaller lungs and brain, whereas their genitals were larger. In such a way, enslaved were proved to belong to different species that white population. (p.239) The stereotypes of Jezebel and Mammy were applied to women of different ages and phenotypes. The idea that African-American women represented another species justified their excessive sexuality. Therefore, sexually aggressive African-American women faced sexual exploitation and rape, whereas Euro-American men stressed women were the initiators because of their libido. In such a way, the author shows that artificially created stereotype may be an excellent excuse for violence and discrimination. (pp.240-243) Mullings writes that there are many similarities in the way dominant groups tend to represent their personhood. For example, the aspect of exploitation centers on the definition of being other. For all people of color, men are presented as dangerous and irresponsible being a threat to European women, whereas women are presented as not deserving social sexual protection in contrast to women of their race and class. Further, men are portrayed as sexually aggressive, whereas women are portrayed as sexually available. African-American women are always depicted as sexually excessive, erotic and exotic. Sexual domination, thus, reinforced labor exploitation and represents European domination. (p.246-247) Summing up, ideologies aimed at stigmatizing African-American women as inferior appeared to be central to maintaining race and gender discrimination. Oppression of African-American women was always justified by representing them as natural instead of social and historical and by masking so cial relations. Gender subordination was supported and women were stigmatized in case they challenged patriarchal model. African-American women were blamed for overall poverty rates and economic decline. Mullings concludes that experience of African-American women has created the basis for deconstructing those ideologies. (p.248-249) Popular Culture and Major League Sport In the article The Real Integrated circus, Political Economy, Popular culture and Major League Sport Gruneau and Whitson discuss major changes, challenges and tensions in major league sport. Moreover, the authors discuss the shifts in cultural studies. Today industries that are centered on the provision of entertainment are wide-ranging and they embrace advertising, sports, radio, television and video products. The emphasis of the cultural studies has shifted from politics and economy to unexplored fields of popular culture. The interest on class politics has been replaced with the interest on sexual orientation, gender construction, ethnicity and race discrimination. As a result, recent works concentrates on examining the meaning, subjectivity and politics of signification instead of analyzing changes in social cultural forms. (pp.360-361) However, the central argument of the article is that development of professional leagues has altered relations and attitudes of sports players to their home communities. The public started to relate their performances to the community pride. As far as teams consisted of local players, they were obliged to say something about their community and qualities of people. It means that field competitiveness resulted in community competitiveness. (p.364) The changes and tension in professional sports are often attributed to expansion into new markets, players salary, and labor struggles. Changes are inevitable as they are presented as extension of older commercial dynamics. (p.365) Tensions are argued to be a result of changes in political-economic environment since the middle of 1970s the years when the industries started to promote and produce cultural popular cultural goods. Moreover, industries became interested in promoting consumption styles that became a real integrated circus in European and American countries. The authors admit that it is still rather difficult t identify what to consider new and what to consider old in promotional discourses and industrial restructuring. (p.372) They underline the necessity to examine how ideology is sustained by forms and practices of symbolic production. The problem of professional sports is seen in efforts of media commentators and sports promoters to construct the idea of us around professional sports instead of distinguished sports from community as benefits that teams bring should not be treated as the benefits of the whole community. One more problem is that with the increase of players salaries the ticket pri ces have raised and games of major leagues is out of reach for middle-class and working class fans. (pp.373-374) The author argue that public money has played their crucial role in promoting major league sports as private investors have got an opportunity to pay franchise fees and to present major leagues to small markets or markets they are willing major leagues to play in. In the late 1960 major leagues have often played in publicly financed facilities (p.378). Of course, franchising offers significant benefits, although the long-term objectives of major league sports was to ensure contracts with national television and special attention was paid to contracts with major US networks. Television increased public interest in major league sports as it allowed the audience to see the most interesting moment missed in arena and stadium. Moreover, television technologies made public know major league players and, in some cases, athletes were turning into local or national celebrities. (p.369) The purpose of television was to attract new audiences beyond male fans and to make major league games more watched and talked about. The key challenge for major league teams was to increase its continental profile; otherwise, the team risked to loose its regional fan base in favor of more active rivals. The authors conclude that further research is needed to examine whether major league franchises are beneficial economic and social investments. Several researchers have already begun to study the issue, but more attention should be paid to costs and benefits of major league sports. (pp.380-381) References Gruneau, R., Major League Sports. In Understanding Canada: Building on the New Canadian Political Economy, ed. by Clement, W. USA: McGill-Queen's University Press. Klein, Naomi. (2000). Bad Mood Rising: The New Anticorporate Activism. In No Logo: Taking Aim at the Brand Bullies. Toronto: Vintage Canada. Mullings, Leith. (2004). Images, Ideology, and Women of Colour. In Feminist Communication Theory ed. by Rakow, L., & Wackwitz, L. London: Sage. Thornton, Sarah. (1994). Moral Panic, the Media and British Rave Culture. In Microphone Fiends: Youth Music and Youth Culture, ed. by Rose, T., & Ross, A. New York, Routledge.

fLORENCE nIGHTINGALE essays

fLORENCE nIGHTINGALE essays Florence Nightingale was born in Florence, Italy in Villa Columbia on May12, 1820. Florence was named after her birth place just like her older sister Parthenope, who has the Greek name of Naples. Florence was the daughter of the wealthy landowner William Nightingale of Embley Park Hampshire, and his wife Francis Nightingale born 1788 who was a sibling of ten children. William was part of the antislavery movement and both William and Francis Fanny were Unitarians. In England the Nightingales had two homes. They spent the summer months at their home in Lea Hurst in Derbyshire then moving to Williams home town Embley in Hampshire for the winter. Lea Hurst was later turned into a retirement home and Embley was turned into a school. Florence and her father were good friends and he treated her as a companion rather than a daughter, he took responsibility for her education by teaching her and her sister at their home. Florence was a competent student and William taught her Greek, Latin, French, German, Italian, History, Philosophy and Mathematics. She also excelled in Literature, Music, Drawing and the Domestic arts. Fanny Nightingale came from a stanch Unitarian family, she was a domineering women who was primarily concerned with finding her daughter a good husband. However Florence had other ideas for her future, thus writing in her diary just before her 17th birthday, her entry read; On February 7th, 1837, God spoke to me and called me to his service. ( Anglican Theological Review, 1996) Although she had no idea of what this calling meant, it was from this day she decided to remain single forever. It was around this time when Florence rejected her first proposal of marriage to a man named Lord Houghton a man whom she dearly loved. ( Anglican Theological Review, 1996) Five years later Florence met Richard Monckton Miles who becomes her dear friend, to which he would like to be more, however t...

US War Operations in the Pacific Theater Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

US War Operations in the Pacific Theater - Essay Example In other words, American sentiment was basically isolationist. A sneak attack on the American naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii was the catalyst which had turned this public sentiment into a war-like footing as people were aghast at the perfidy of the Japanese treachery while at the same time still negotiating the terms of a peace agreement. In retrospect, America was more or less not so well prepared but its entry into the Allied side of a world war turned the tide as America had great natural resources necessary to conduct a war. This paper explores and discusses the American operations in the Pacific theater in WWII. America's entry into the war was precipitated by the Japanese sneak attack on Pearl Harbor on December 8, 1941 (a beautiful Sunday morning) which caused heavy losses due to America being caught unawares of Japan's secret plans to control and conquer the British and Dutch colonial possessions in the Far East. Specifically, it was done as a preemptive strike at American naval forces by the Imperial General Headquarters of Japan to disable the American fleet; the attack was carried out by 353 fighters, bombers and torpedo planes launched on the Sunday when most American troops were out for church and other weekend activities. This attack was launched entirely from a naval battle group consisting of six aircraft carriers and it caused massive losses to America, which sunk four navy battleships and damaged four more. The aircraft destroyed was about 188 in total but American lives lost numbered to a staggering 2,402 killed and additional 1,282 servicemen wounded in what is called as a â⠂¬Å"Day of Infamy†. Japan had imperial colonial designs of her own and coveted the numerous colonies in the Far East owned by Britain and the Netherlands. However, the Japanese military strategists knew they could not possibly win a war of attrition against an enemy like the United States of America which is much bigger in terms of population and has vast natural resources needed to conduct a prolonged war. Only a preemptive strike will allow Japan to gain a temporary initial advantage long enough for it to consolidate its gains and obtain access to the natural resources which it jealously covets such as oil, rubber, iron, gold and other minerals. The two European countries of Great Britain and the Netherlands were preoccupied with the war in Europe and so left their Asian colonies vulnerable with only minimal defenses, such as Singapore that fell into Japanese hands after a very short conquest. America was perceived by the Japanese as the only credible threat in the Pacific a rea due to the presence of its naval forces at Hawaii. Some of the Japanese military planners had been initially reluctant to draw America into this war; a main concern was not to awaken a sleeping giant with serious consequences for the whole of Japan if in case the war drags on (Fitzgerald 13) but almost everyone agreed it was necessary for Japan to strike first. It was a military victory but a huge political mistake on Japan's part. It gained for Japan about 6 months of advantage to enable it to at first dominate the Pacific war. Although American soldiers stationed at the Hawaii naval base at Oahu knew war is only a matter of time, no one expected it so soon and were caught with their pants down, so to speak. The sneak attack had angered American citizens and galvanized public opinion towards ultimate involvement in a war Americans did not want. America had to play catch up and the United

Hospitality Management--Food Safety Management Essay

Hospitality Management--Food Safety Management - Essay Example With this comes a great responsibility to ensure the safety and integrity of the food supply. Little kills a tourist destination or catering business more than bad publicity. This can occur in the media, or via word of mouth. One of the primary concerns in the industry has long been outbreaks of food poisoning (Adams and Morrell 38). Catering businesses must depend not only on their own quality control standards, but also on the safe supply of fresh food to their business as well. It is critical that food born illnesses be eliminated from the food supply to the greatest extent possible. Much has been discussed in this area in recent years as the number of tourism based businesses continues to grow exponentially. This paper will examine a particular case of food born disease that directly affected the catering industry in Africa, and will enter into a discussion of relevant legislation and recommendations to avoid future outbreaks worldwide. Case Study and the Causative Agent Salad ha s long been a staple of the catering industry. Nearly every meal in world wide tourist circles, particularly meals that are catered, have some form of salad mix as a part of the set menu (Henderson 318). Produce, however, must be handled carefully as there are many food born diseases that can result if not properly handled (Chapman et. al. 1101). Because of the mass quantities of lettuce and other ingredients of salad that must be collected for any one event, it becomes even more critical to examine the health and safe of such food products. Since salad is not cooked, heat and extreme temperatures utilized in the cooking process do not assist in the elimination of contaminants (Amhadi and Hussain 172). One such case study was recently conducted in Nigeria to determine the prevalence of food born bacteria in ready made salad mixes typically used in the catering industry. General Details Scientists tested 150 different ready-to-eat salad samples from various sources in Calabar, South Nigeria. The samples were taken from such tourist and catering sites as fast food centers, wedding reception banquets, and birthday parties in the main part of the city. This occurred during the three-month period in order to ensure that the food and produce supplier remained relatively consistent (Udo et. al. 1). During the analysis of the samples, it was discovered that five main types of bacteria were present in the lettuce on an above average scale. â€Å"The probable human pathogens isolated were Staphylococcus aureus 35 (41.18%), Escherichia coli 21 (24.71%), Klebsiella aerogenes 11 (12.94%), Slamonella Enterica var Typhimuirum 3 (3.53%, and Bacsillus species 15 (17.65%)† (Udo et al 2). It was discovered that an astounding 40% of fast food centers, 52% of birthday parties, and 78% of wedding receptions had enough bacteria in their salad to cause food poisoning amongst the guests. Obviously this is an unacceptable number, but this case study is reflective of the overall danger of the food preparation industry if proper handling of food is not undertaken. The case study from Nigeria demonstrates that salads typically eaten in tourist venues and at catering events are often contaminated with pathogens that can cause grave illness in humans. This indicates a strong need to take care that food service personnel, particularly in the hospitality industry, use proper hygiene standards and that fruits and vegetables are disinfected and stored at the

Dissertation Chapter4 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Chapter4 - Dissertation Example In this chapter of the dissertation, we will showcase the data gathered, the analysis done and the results drawn from those analyses. 4.2 Descriptive analysis Throughout the study we have mainly done the analysis part with the help of one-way ANOVA and T test. ANOVA is an assortment of statistical tools that helps the reader to arrive at a certain inference. Inference is the process of obtaining rational conclusions from some assumed or known assertions. ANOVA analyzes the deviation between the means of various groups as well as the deviation that happens to take place within the groups (physics.csbsju.edu, n.d.). Moreover in an ANOVA background, the detected variance existing in a definite variable is classified into particular components that feature a range of variation sources. ANOVA can be used for multiple factors as well as for a single factor. In the present dissertation we have divided the main questions into seven groups and for each group we have conducted one way ANOVA i. e. ANOVA for single factor (csse.monash.edu.au, n.d.). The single factor ANOVA is used to differentiate between the mean values of two or more samples with the application of F test (people.richland.edu, n.d.). This procedure is only suitable for analyzing numerical data. The technique involves testing the null hypothesis of the samples belonging to two or more groups within a population having equal mean values. The ANOVA generates an F statistic, where if the mean values of the groups are obtained from population having similar mean values, then the group means variance should be lesser than that of the variance contained by the samples (Leitzel, 2009). On the contrary a greater ratio consequently signifies that the samples were gathered from the populations having different value for their means. After the vivid description of the ANOVA technique, we would now discuss the T test. It is conducted for testing statistical hypothesis in which the statistics of the test pursue a Stude nt’s t distribution in the case when the null hypothesis is supported. We are considering the T test because the standard deviation of the population here is unknown. The â€Å"Levene’s Test for Equality of Variances† have been used in the analysis of the data as this test provides us with the information stating whether a hypothesis of the t-test has been achieved (Engineering Statistics Handbook, n.d.). T-test presumes that the inconsistency of each group remains almost same. When the assumptions of the t test are not met, then a specific kind of the t-test is applied which we will discuss in the next sections of the chapter. 4.3 Demographic profile The demographic profiles of the consumers both belonging to the UK and Thailand will be discussed in this section. Here we have used the descriptive statistics technique for analyzing the data gathered relating to the demographic profiles of the respondents. This technique is basically used for summarizing a sample and it is different from inferential statistics (Khan Academy, 2013), where the data is used for learning about a population which the sample has been assumed to represent. Moreover descriptive statistics is not based on probability theory unlike the inferential stati

Art Is Lie That Brings Truth Nearer

Art Is Lie That Brings Truth Nearer I decided to evaluate the quotation by Pablo Picasso: Art is a lie that brings us nearer to the truth because the claim contains several issues that, depending on the definition, may lead to further difficulties in interpretation. What do we mean by truth?; What is a lie; What do we mean by arts?; Who do we consider when saying us? A piece of art, as a separate subject, is hermetically understood by every individual. It inspires us all, both creators and receivers of the art leading to specific, personal, conclusions. Therefore, not only the main assumption but also the main outcome of the arts is relativism; that is why we cannot state any absolute values in it. As Pablo Picasso once said: You will not understand arts as long as you wont understand that in arts 1+1 may give any result but 2  [1]  . This underlines, I believe, that art is never able to give an absolute answer, therefore is a lie in absolute terms. Hence, art outlines only the artists personal impression, his tru th, and cannot be a measure of any unambiguous distinction between the absolute and impression itself. Since it is the quotation of Pablo Picasso that is evaluated in this essay, it can be explained in relation to cubist theory of truth. The theory claims the total truth is a sum of all perspectives. So the more personal truths, in relativistic terms, or various lies (not hole truths), in absolute terms, are added, the closer one gets to knowing the real truth. That is how the art is a lie that helps us realise the truth. I will prove my thesis by analysing what kind of truth do paintings of Johannes Vermeer, a realist, Pierre Auguste Renoir, an impressionist, Edward Munch, an expressionist, and Rij Rousseau, a cubist, tell me separately and altogether about women. These artists, and specific movements they represent, were chosen because of the underlying contrast in both perceiving the truth and expressing it. They represent varied approaches which will allow to present flaws in ea ch view and draw moderate conclusion, which falls into the thesis of the investigation. The painting The Milkmaid , by Vermeer, shows a woman standing in a kitchen, preparing a meal. Her face is calm and it can be judged from her clothes and the content of the room that she lives in relative luxury. The painting presents somehow the reality of the 17th century social situation in Netherlands which gives me a social and historical truth concerning woman. Additionally, Vermeers truth about women is that they are the guardians of the households. His view falls into correspondence theory of truth, which claims that something is true if it corresponds to a fact. Despite recent XXth centurys social changes concerning womans position, they have always played a major role in taking care of home. The movement itself is an example of realism that comprises in the mimetic theory of art. The concept of mimesis assumes that the purpose of the art is to copy reality. Therefore the problem arises when evaluating realism- is it false because it deals with imitation, or it is true throu gh paradox of fiction- that the model presents some regularities of human behavior? I believe that by taking from the character her personal identity in exchange for creating a generalized model, Vermeer in fact hinders the personal truth about this woman. He effectively presents the social order and historical truth, however generalization is always concerned only with average, not with all possibilities. The painting Woman with a dog of Renoir presents a woman with a dog sitting in the grass. The blurry curves are used in order to show movement of the grass. By looking at the bloom and the reddish shade on a girl it can be judged it is a late afternoon. Renoirs truth in this painting applies only to womans look in a specific place at a specific time. Additionally, the painting says something personal about her- that she probably enjoyed spending her time close to the nature, since her face expresses joy, and that she probably enjoyed watching sunsets. The painting is an ideal example of impressionism. As Childe Hassam  [4]  once noticed: The true impressionism is realism that so many people do not observe. The crucial difference, however, between these two concepts is that impressionism tries to prove that truth is not a generalisation, like in realism. Instead, it uncovers the truth about certain objects in relation to very specific time and place. Therefore, impressionism also falls into correspondence theory of truth since Renoirs painting corresponds to a fact- girls look during a sunset. However, since impressionists tried to immortalise the very glance we must ask ourselves how good truth is that? Following Monets thoughts I assume that the truth about everything would be hindered in a series of glances. Thus, showing just one of the uncountable in their number glances gives us only an insignificantly small part of the truth about women in general and the girl in particular. The painting Madonna by Edvard Munch presents a woman with sunken orbits and slender posture which makes her look like a demon. The foetus in the left corner symbolises fertility and therefore depicts woman as a source of life. Her face expresses experiencing ecstasy and by linking this image with the title of a piece, Madonna, which is the Christian perception of a Holy mother, Munch degraded the value of woman. The artist was a misogynist and his truth is that a woman is a source of all suffering, the mother of heresy and the incarnation of pure evil.  [6]  Expressionists, like Munch, disregarded mimetic approach to arts; instead they wanted to show the world through the prism of their own perception. Thus, the basic idea in this movement was not to imitate reality (so they were not interested in absolutes), but to present the very subjective and very personal opinions- just as in the coherence theory of truth. The theory claims that a proposition is true if it fits in with our overall set of beliefs. Although the concept of woman being a demon could be true for Munch, for majority of people it would be perceived as extremist and prejudiced view. However, expressionism, because of its fundamental assumptions, speaks more of the painter than of the world. Munchs perception derives from fear of woman that is why it is so narrow. Nevertheless, this narrowness is a deliberate action. Author, as an expressionist, through his works tells me: This is MY truth, what is yours? The painting of Rij-Rousseau does not describe, as the title could suggested, the outer look. In Portrait she depicted three different bodies which shows the complexity and diversity of womens nature. It can be cheerful and warm (orange), or impassive and cold (green), and there is also the person between them, poorly visible, brown- imitating the whole uncertainty and mystery of other womans embodiments. Rousseaus truth about woman is hidden in symbols: the green face resembles a mask, so the outer look, which would mean that the blithe person represents the inner nature of woman. Therefore, the painting represents the very essence of the cubist theory of truth-to present the object in the widest context possible by considering it from multiple viewpoints. In other words cubism assumes that we are getting closer to the truth the more perspectives we get to know. But now again, how good truth is that? I now realize that the absolute truth about woman means summing up all the personal truths about each woman separately, yet it is an impossible task. Furthermore, any attempt to draw a mathematically moderate view about woman would mean going back to the very beginning, so the concepts of generalization and mimesis. Therefore, what is gained through dealing with arts is not only finding out how great is our own ignorance, but also how unattainable to comprehend, and impossible to depict, the absolute truth is. What have I gained through dealing with the paintings of Vermeer, Renoir, Munch and Rousseau? The Milkmaid told me what the social status in Netherlands was in XVIIth century. Renoir immortalised some girls look at the time of a sunset, the emotions that her face expressed and the move of the grass around her. Munch told me of his greatest despise and fear of women. Rousseau showed not to trust the first impression because a woman is a very complex being. Therefore, I am wiser with the views of these four paintings, bur now I realise I am poorer with the lack of the perceptions depicted in another thousands paintings. Thus, I know that I know nothing  [8]  of the absolute truth about woman, since I just grasped only an idea of the truths complexity. When Picasso said that art is a lie that helps us realise the truth I believe he didnt mean any specific style, i.e. he didnt mean that realism is a lie, but that all the achievements in arts, in all styles and assumptions, are just n ot complete. Having in mind that Picasso actually created cubism, I cant resist evaluating his claim in relation to cubist theory of truth. According to this idea the absolute truth is a mosaic composed of various elements individual approaches. In other words, what Picasso meant is that arts is closed in specific boundaries of different styles and cannot present the whole picture, therefore is a lie. However, as new forms and concepts are created the more perspectives are added and, piece by piece, the mosaic is being completed.

Essay on Shirley Jacksons The Lottery - Blind Obedience Exposed

Blind Obedience Exposed in The Lottery    The annual ritualistic stoning of a villager in Shirley Jackson's "The Lottery" parallels tradition in American culture.   This paper will inform the reader of the effect tradition has on characters in the short story "The Lottery" and how traditions still strongly influence people's lives in america.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Christian weddings hold many traditions and superstitions that seemingly defy logic.   Although most couples no longer have arranged marriages or dowries, fathers still give their daughters away during the services.   The bride and groom do not see each other before the ceremony, fearing that bad luck might come their way.   A friend scolded me because I had originally planned to marry at the top of the hour, and told me I should change it "just to be safe".   Society continues to hold these traditions and superstitions very dear because of cultural influences and the possibility of bad things happening.   In Shirley Jackson's short story "The Lottery", the annual ritualistic stoning of a villager parallels the traditions inherent in American culture.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The black box is a source symbol of tradition for the townspeople. The original box wore out many years ago, and a new box was built from pieces of the old.   This reflects customs in our own society.   For exam... ... time.   It is possible that they were simply afraid of what would happen to them if they changed or stopped the lottery.   Maybe they just went through the motions of the lottery without questioning why, or really giving it much thought.   Whatever the real reason, the tradition of the lottery continued.   I will also continue to uphold traditions at my wedding one-month from now when my father will give me away at half past the hour, and I will take great pains not to see my fiancà © before.      Work Cited: Jackson, Shirley.   "The Lottery."   Literature Reading, Reacting, Writing.   4th Ed. Ed. Camille Adkins. Orlando: Harcourt College Publishers, 2001. 315-322